![]() The dorsal PMC (dPMC) plays a key role in the updating of pre-planned actions and non-routine stimulus-response mapping ( Ward et al., 2010 Hartwigsen et al., 2012 Moisa et al., 2012 Hartwigsen and Siebner, 2015). A bilateral dorsal and mesial frontoparietal network has been implicated in the re-evaluation of pre-planned actions based on external cues, including premotor cortex (PMC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and medial prefrontal cortex ( Paus, 2001 Monsell, 2003 Nachev et al., 2008 Mars et al., 2009 Buch et al., 2010 Neubert et al., 2010 O’Doherty, 2011 Hartwigsen et al., 2012 Mutha et al., 2014). This re-evaluation may lead to a confirmation of the planned action or to the selection of an alternative action. A sudden change in the environment may prompt us to reconsider our action plans. In everyday life, we constantly adjust our actions according to external cues, enabling flexible adjustments to changes in the environment. The dynamics of theta activity in left dPMC scales with response slowing. Re-evaluation is characterized by a selective increase in frontoparietal theta band activity. Response slowing results from the need to re-evaluate the cue and its associated action. Incongruent go-cues slow down response time in a pre-cued alternate-choice task. Together, the results indicate that theta activity in dPMC and connected frontoparietal areas is involved in the re-adjustment of cue-induced action tendencies. Theta activity scaled positively with response slowing and increased more strongly when the pre-cue was invalid and required subjects to select the alternate response. Source-based analysis revealed a widespread theta increase in dorsal and mesial frontoparietal areas, including dPMC, supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor and posterior parietal cortices (PPC). This re-evaluation selectively increased theta band activity without modifying activity in alpha and beta band. In these incongruent trials, the go-cue prompted a re-evaluation of the pre-cued action plan, slowing response time relative to trials with identical cues. The shapes of the pre-cue and go-cue differed in two third of trials. Simple geometric shapes cued button presses with the right or left index finger. Ten healthy subjects performed a pre-cued alternate choice task. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) to identify neural signatures of up-dating cue-action relationships in the dPMC and connected frontoparietal areas. Previous work implicated the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) in the up-dating of action plans based on environmental cues. The ability to rapidly adjust our actions to changes in the environment is a key function of human motor control. ![]() 4Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.2San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy. ![]() 1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.Giovanni Pellegrino 1,2*, Leo Tomasevic 1, Damian Marc Herz 1,3, Kit Melissa Larsen 1,4 and Hartwig Roman Siebner 1,3
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